On 26 May 2023, Gunter Demnig laid ten stumbling stones in Nuremberg, five of them in memory of former Jewish citizens of Nuremberg. These included Karoline Lehmann, who was murdered in Theresienstadt in 1943.

Karoline Lehmann was born as Karoline Freund in Kleinwallstadt am Main, south of Aschaffenburg, on 10 May 1878. On 5 September 1900, she married businessman Sigmund Lehmann in Würzburg. Sigmund was born on 8 August 1870 in Wiesenbronn near Kitzingen.

After the marriage, the couple moved to Nuremberg. They had two children there: Siegfried (born 8 July 1901) and Irene (born 26 April 1904). Sigmund died on 1 March 1927 in Nuremberg. From April 1933 onwards, his widow lived at Glockenhofstrasse 12.

Siegfried migrated to the USA in 1936. They tried to arrange for their mother to join them. In the meantime however, Karoline had become blind due to an illness and this in the end prevented her from obtaining a visa. From 1936 onwards she lived first with her brother in Würzburg and then in a Jewish care home in Munich. On 3 June 1942, she was deported to Theresienstadt concentration camp and was murdered there on 4 December 1943.